四川盆地西北部二叠系栖霞阶层序地层特征及地质意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

胡笙  谭秀成  罗冰  张本健  张亚  苏成鹏  芦飞凡  李明隆 《古地理学报》2020,22(6):1109-1126

基于露头、钻井岩心和测录井资料,采用层序地层学理论与方法,将四川盆地西北部二叠系梁山组+栖霞组作为一个整体予以解剖,识别出梁山组底界面(Ⅰ型)、栖一段与栖二段界面(Ⅱ型)和栖霞组与茅口组界面(Ⅰ型)3个三级层序界面,将中二叠统栖霞阶划分为2个三级层序: 下部的SQ1层序对应梁山组+栖一段,上部的SQ2层序对应栖二段。通过栖霞阶层序地层格架分析,发现栖霞阶地层存在“底超顶削”的充填规律,统计并绘制SQ1与SQ2层序地层厚度等值线图,对研究区栖霞阶SQ1初期和SQ2期构造—古地理格局进行了恢复,在明确SQ2期为栖霞阶主要成滩期的基础上,结合岩溶发育单元及白云岩展布特征,讨论栖霞阶油气储集意义。结果表明:区内栖霞阶存在北西、北东向隆坳分异,汉南隆起、川北隆起、北缘隆起与广元—旺苍凹陷始终控制了区内沉积格局,指出广元—旺苍海槽雏形始于二叠系栖霞阶。研究区岩溶白云岩孔洞型储集层区与环广元—旺苍凹陷周缘的灰岩岩溶型储集层区为有利的勘探区。  相似文献   

顾及局部与结构特征的稀疏多项式逻辑回归高光谱图像分类方法     

沈宇臻  官云兰  杨禄  刘承承  严小芳 《测绘通报》2019,(6):24-28

稀疏多项式逻辑回归在分类中仅利用图像光谱信息，导致分类效果不太理想。本文提出了一种顾及局部与结构特征的稀疏多项式逻辑回归高光谱图像分类方法。首先利用加权均值滤波与拓展形态学多属性剖面对原始高光谱图像进行局部与结构特征提取；然后对二者进行加权平均特征级融合以获取更具唯一性的像元特征；最后由稀疏多项式逻辑回归分类器对融合结果进行分类。结果表明，本文方法能有效地提高分类精度，而且具有较强的稳健性。  相似文献   

Improved Priority‐Flood method for depression filling by redundant calculation optimization in local micro‐relief areas     

Li‐Yang Xiong  Ru‐Qiao Jiang  Qing‐Hui Lu  Bi‐Sheng Yang  Fa‐Yuan Li  Guo‐An Tang 《Transactions in GIS》2019,23(2):259-274

Depression filling is a critical step in distributed hydrological modeling using digital elevation models (DEMs). The traditional Priority‐Flood (PF) approach is widely used due to its relatively high efficiency when dealing with a small‐sized DEM. However, it seems inadequate and inefficient when dealing with large high‐resolution DEMs. In this work, we examined the relationship between the PF algorithm calculation process and the topographical characteristics of depressions, and found significant redundant calculations in the local micro‐relief areas in the conventional PF algorithm. As such calculations require more time when dealing with large DEMs, we thus propose a new variant of the PF algorithm, wherein redundant points and calculations are recognized and eliminated based on the local micro‐relief water‐flow characteristics of the depression‐filling process. In addition, depressions and flatlands were optimally processed by a quick queue to improve the efficiency of the process. The proposed method was applied and validated in eight case areas using the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission digital elevation model (SRTM‐DEM) with 1 arc‐second resolution. These selected areas have different data sizes. A comparative analysis among the proposed method, the Wang and Liu‐based PF, the improved Barnes‐based PF, the improved Zhou‐based PF, and the Planchon and Darboux (P&D) algorithms was conducted to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithm. The results showed that the proposed algorithm is 43.2% (maximum) faster than Wang and Liu's variant of the PF method, with an average of 31.8%. In addition, the proposed algorithm achieved similar performance to the improved Zhou‐based PF algorithm, though our algorithm has the advantage of being simpler. The optimal strategies using the proposed algorithm can be employed in various landforms with high efficiency. The proposed method can also achieve good depression filling, even with large amounts of DEM data.  相似文献   

海马齿浮床对富营养化海湾营养盐削减的模型评价：以东山湾八尺门养殖海域为例     

刘学海  蒲新明  罗东莲  芦静  刘自力 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(12):91-100

Many coastal seas are severely eutrophic and required to reduce nutrient concentrations to meet a certain water quality standard. We proposed a method for nutrient removal by planting Sesuvium portulacastrum at the water surface using the floating beds in the aquaculture area of the Dongshan Bay as an example, which is an important net-cage culture base in China and where dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphate(DIP) reach 0.75 mg/L and 0.097 mg/L, respectively far exceeding China's Grade IV water quality standards.Numerical simulations were taken using the ecological model, field observations and field plantation experimental results to assess the environmental restoration effects of planting S. portulacastrum at some certain spatial scales. Our field experiments suggested that the herbs can absorb 377 g/m~2 nitrogen and 22.9 g/m~2 phosphorus in eight months with an inserting density of ～60 shoot/m~2. The numerical experiments show that the greater the plantation area is, the more nutrient removal. Plantation in ～12% of the study area could lower nutrients to the required Grade II standards, i.e., 0.2 mg/LDIN≤0.3 mg/L and 0.015 mg/LDIP≤0.03 mg/L.Here the phytoremediation method and results provide helpful references for environmental restoration in other eutrophic seas.  相似文献   

Displacement analytical prediction of shallow tunnel based on unified displacement function under slope boundary     

Fanchao Kong  Dechun Lu  Xiuli Du  Chenpeng Shen 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2019,43(1):183-211

For slope condition of ground surface, the asymmetrical deformation about the vertical center line and the horizontal center line of the tunnel cross section can be formed. A unified displacement function expressed by the Fourier series is presented to express the asymmetrical deformation of the tunnel cross section. Five basic deformation modes corresponding to the expansion order 2 are a complete deformation mode to reflect deformation behaviors of the tunnel cross section under slope boundary. Such this complete displacement mode is implemented into the complex variable solution for analytically predicting tunneling-induced ground deformation under slope boundary. All of these analytical solutions are verified by good agreements of the comparison between the analytical solutions and finite element method results. A parameter study is carried out to investigate the influence of deformation modes of the tunnel cross section, geometrical conditions of the tunnel and the slope angle, and “Buoyancy effect” on the displacement field. Finally, the proposed method is consistent with measured data of the Hejie tunnel in China qualitatively. The presented solution can provide a simplified indication for evaluating the ground deformation under slope condition of ground surface.  相似文献   

强造斜致绳索取心钻具折断分析     

卢秋平 《地质与勘探》2020,56(2):445-450

在定向钻探固体矿产领域,通常在造斜段使用螺杆钻具,大部分的工作量采用取心回转钻进。造斜段使用螺杆钻具,钻杆不回转,受力较简单;如遇强造斜转换绳索取心钻具稳斜钻进,下部钻具组合容易出现回转困难、下不到底的技术难题,甚至出现丝扣折断事故。为避免强造斜对绳索取心钻具的影响,本文通过建立强造斜段对绳索取心钻具的几何约束变形模型,量化分析强造斜段岩心外管长度与造斜强度、环空间隙之间的约束关系,提供了可快速预判下部钻具参数能否满足强造斜安全钻进的方法。该方法在山东某铁矿定向孔的强造斜致下部钻具折断的事故处理中,通过对绳索取心钻具安全计算模型校核和调整钻具参数,实现了绳索取心钻具通过造斜率0.62°/m的强造斜段安全钻进至靶点,证明对强造斜绳索取心工具安全钻进预测和事故处理计算具有指导意义。  相似文献   

内陆水体溶解无机碳同位素研究进展及展望     

范美彤  葛璐  谭红兵  陈维 《地质论评》2020,66(6):1637-1648

碳是陆地生态系统中最重要的生命元素，能够在各个圈层之间相互转换和运移。碳循环作为地球各圈层相互连接的纽带，被认为是地表系统最重要的元素地球化学循环。碳在水体中主要以溶解性有机碳（dissolved organic carbon，简称DOC）和溶解性无机碳（dissolved inorganic carbon，简称DIC）形式存在。内陆水体（包括河水、地下水、湖水和水库等）尽管只占陆地表面1%，但它们在碳循环过程中发挥了重要作用。其DIC浓度(CDIC)和DIC同位素组成(δ13CDIC)可以为碳循环研究提供线索，因此成为近年来国际研究的热点之一。本文系统总结了全球内陆水体DIC同位素的研究进展。DIC同位素具有广泛的地质应用，不同碳源具有独特的同位素特征。因此，DIC同位素被用于定性和定量地示踪碳源，指示碳循环过程以及确定河水补给端元。  相似文献   

“一带一路”成员国居民健康状况的时空统计分析     

郭文杰  秦昆  毛宗福  王一喆  汪瑶  许刚  马露 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(5):1133-1141

健康是影响不同国家和地区发展的关键因素,全面了解“一带一路”成员国的居民健康状况,是探讨“一带一路”成员国之间健康医疗合作的重要基础。本文选择了4个代表性的健康状况指标（出生期望寿命、总生育率、过早非传染性疾病死亡率和结核病发病率）,利用Moran's I指数、Getis-Ord G指数对“一带一路”135个成员国的健康状况进行时空统计,分析了健康状况的空间相关性和空间分布模式,研究了健康状况的时空格局。研究发现：① 2000—2016年“一带一路”大部分成员国的各项健康状况指标均朝着改善和优化方向发展;健康状况指标均呈现显著的正空间自相关性;② 总体而言,在“一带一路”成员国中,欧洲国家的居民健康状况最好;南北美洲和大洋洲国家的居民健康状况良好;亚洲国家的居民健康状况总体良好,但东南亚部分国家的结核病发病率较高;非洲国家的居民健康状况虽有明显改善,但仍处于较低状态。因此,“一带一路”成员国应进一步加强健康医疗合作,共同推动健康丝绸之路的发展。  相似文献   

山西阳泉地区旅游地质资源遥感调查与成果分析     

王浩乾  王明明  刘安  郭政斌  王波涛 《中国地质调查》2020,7(6):96-102

为查清山西省阳泉地区旅游地质资源分布状况,方便当地政府掌握区内旅游地质资源现状,为地质公园开发、保护与发展规划提供决策依据,山西省自然资源厅(原山西省国土资源厅)于2018年开展了“山西省阳泉地区旅游地质资源调查”项目,基于三维可视化遥感影像,采用目视解译方法,并结合已有地质资料和野外调查数据,获取了阳泉旅游地质资源分布信息。在阳泉中东部圈定了一条呈月牙形的旅游地质资源密集分布带,该分布带西起盂县藏山,向南东过平定玉皇洞,终至平定县娘子关,分布在碳酸盐岩区,集山地地貌景观、岩溶地貌景观和泉域地貌景观于一体,是我国北方地区规模较大、较为典型的碳酸盐岩地貌、岩溶地貌和泉域地貌出露区,在区域上连片分布,具有较高的开发潜力。建议在“藏山旅游区—岩溶地貌景区—娘子关旅游区”范围申请建立北方碳酸盐岩景观多成因类型地质公园。  相似文献   

How changes of groundwater level affect the desert riparian forest ecosystem in the Ejina Oasis,Northwest China     

HaiYang Xi  JingTian Zhang  Qi Feng  Lu Zhang  JianHua Si  TengFei Yu 《寒旱区科学》2019,11(1):62-80

Groundwater is a key factor controlling the growth of vegetation in desert riparian systems. It is important to recognise how groundwater changes affect the riparian forest ecosystem. This information will not only help us to understand the ecological and hydrological process of the riparian forest but also provide support for ecological recovery of riparian forests and water-resources management of arid inland river basins. This study aims to estimate the suitability of the Water Vegetation Energy and Solute Modelling(WAVES) model to simulate the Ejina Desert riparian forest ecosystem changes,China, to assess effects of groundwater-depth change on the canopy leaf area index(LAI) and water budgets, and to ascertain the suitable groundwater depth for preserving the stability and structure of desert riparian forest. Results demonstrated that the WAVES model can simulate changes to ecological and hydrological processes. The annual mean water consumption of a Tamarix chinensis riparian forest was less than that of a Populus euphratica riparian forest, and the canopy LAI of the desert riparian forest should increase as groundwater depth decreases. Groundwater changes could significantly influence water budgets for T. chinensis and P. euphratica riparian forests and show the positive and negative effects on vegetation growth and water budgets of riparian forests. Maintaining the annual mean groundwater depth at around 1.7-2.7 m is critical for healthy riparian forest growth. This study highlights the importance of considering groundwater-change impacts on desert riparian vegetation and water-balance applications in ecological restoration and efficient water-resource management in the Heihe River Basin.  相似文献